diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'source/a/aaa_base/_aaa_base/var/spool/mail/root.new')
| -rw-r--r-- | source/a/aaa_base/_aaa_base/var/spool/mail/root.new | 381 |
1 files changed, 381 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/source/a/aaa_base/_aaa_base/var/spool/mail/root.new b/source/a/aaa_base/_aaa_base/var/spool/mail/root.new new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8b29151a --- /dev/null +++ b/source/a/aaa_base/_aaa_base/var/spool/mail/root.new @@ -0,0 +1,381 @@ +From root@hive64.slackware.lan Fri May 20 15:16:45 2016 +Return-Path: <root@hive64.slackware.lan> +Received: from hive64.slackware.lan (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hive64.slackware.lan (8.15.2/8.15.2) with ESMTP id u4KKGjAg003580 + for <root@hive64.slackware.lan>; Fri, 20 May 2016 15:16:45 -0500 +Received: (from root@localhost) + by hive64.slackware.lan (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) id u4KKGj0X003579 + for root; Fri, 20 May 2016 15:16:45 -0500 +From: root@hive64.slackware.lan +Message-Id: <201605202016.u4KKGj0X003579@hive64.slackware.lan> +Date: Fri, 20 May 2016 15:16:45 -0500 +To: root@hive64.slackware.lan +Subject: Register with the Linux counter project +User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + (Adapted from a question in the Linux-FAQ) + + How Many People Use Linux? + + Linux is freely available, and no one is required to register with + any central authority, so it is difficult to know. Several businesses + survive solely on selling and supporting Linux. Linux newsgroups are + some of the most heavily read on Usenet. Accurate numbers are hard to + come by, but the number is almost certainly in the millions. + + However, people can register as Linux users at the Linux Counter + project, which has been in existence since 1993. In August of 2012 + the project counted more than 133,000 users, but that is certainly + only a small fraction of all users. The operator of the Linux Counter + estimated over 60 million users at that time. + + To get counted, visit the Web site at: + + http://linuxcounter.net + + ...and fill in the registration form. + + The current count is posted monthly to news:comp.os.linux.misc, and + is always available from the Web site. + +From root@hive64.slackware.lan Fri May 20 15:16:49 2016 +Return-Path: <root@hive64.slackware.lan> +Received: from hive64.slackware.lan (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hive64.slackware.lan (8.15.2/8.15.2) with ESMTP id u4KKGnSF003585 + for <root@hive64.slackware.lan>; Fri, 20 May 2016 15:16:49 -0500 +Received: (from root@localhost) + by hive64.slackware.lan (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) id u4KKGnJj003584 + for root; Fri, 20 May 2016 15:16:49 -0500 +From: root@hive64.slackware.lan +Message-Id: <201605202016.u4KKGnJj003584@hive64.slackware.lan> +Date: Fri, 20 May 2016 15:16:49 -0500 +To: root@hive64.slackware.lan +Subject: Welcome to Linux (Slackware 14.2)! +User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +Welcome! I'm glad to see you've made it this far! :^) + +Here are a few hints to help you navigate through the Linux operating +system a little bit better. + +Tools to help configure your system: + + pkgtool: Remember those screens you saw while each package was +installing? You can see all that information (and more) again. The +simplest way is to use the 'pkgtool' utility to view the package +contents. Another way is to use 'less' or a text editor to read the +files in /var/log/packages and /var/log/scripts (this is the method I +use). The pkgtool script serves as a frontend to the command line +package tools, so it's a menu based program that will enable you to +remove, install, or view packages that are currently installed on the +system. pkgtool will also allow you to re-run some of the system admin +scripts that you may have seen during the installation process. + + Slackware's command line package tools: I use these utilities most +of the time when I have packages to install, remove, or upgrade. These +are the tools: + + installpkg -- Installs packages + removepkg -- Removes installed packages + upgradepkg -- Upgrades or downgrades installed packages + makepkg -- Used to create your own Slackware Package + explodepkg -- Will extract the files from the package without + running any install scripts. + + slackpkg: For those more used to automated package management tools +you might like to try slackpkg (my favorite due to its simple, +straightforward approach to keeping a machine up to date). Slackpkg +can be found in the slackware/ap directory. A search of the web will +turn up more tools as well. You should approach these cautiously, as +Slackware is designed around the idea that the system should be a +complete installation kept updated with any official patches. This +avoids the mess of dependencies that some other Linux based GNU systems +face. However, many (if not most) of these tools won't know what to do +about .new config files, or how to handle upgrading a package that has +changed to a new name. Some also think that any package with a larger +build number is "better", when there have been many instances that a +new upstream release wasn't working properly and we had to roll back to +an earlier one, and an automated upgrade tool didn't want to +"downgrade" the package. This is something upgradepkg will gladly do, +as it doesn't (as it should not) take the package's version number to +mean much of anything. Regarding automatic upgrades, there have also +been cases where a library upgrade caused unwanted side effects in +programs that link with it. In theory, most libraries used on the +system try to retain backwards compatibility, but in practice this +isn't always the case. While any issued patches should be installed to +keep your system secure, always remember the old adage "don't fix it if +it ain't broke" when considering other upgrades and additions, +especially if they come from unofficial sources. Again, there's a lot +of good stuff out there, but there's also some that's not so good. +It's always a good idea to look packages over before you install them. +This is as simple as using 'less' to view the contents so you can see +if they overwrite anything, and maybe using 'tar' or 'explodepkg' to +extract the archive into a temporary directory to take a closer look. + + netconfig: netconfig is a menu based program that will help to +configure your network. You will be asked several questions and given +an opportunity to review your settings before the changes are +committed. More advanced settings are available by editing the +/etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf config file directly. + + pppsetup: pppsetup is a menu based program that will help you to +connect to your ISP via a PPP connection. As with netconfig you are +asked a series of questions and given a chance to review your settings. +KDE also includes a utility for configuring PPP dialup connections. +This is found in KDE's Internet menu (kppp). + + xwmconfig: If you have installed the X window system, you can use +xwmconfig to choose your default window manager. Running this as root +will set the system default while running it as a normal user will only +set the window manager for that user. An /etc/X11/xorg.conf config +file is no longer required to run X, but you may still use one if you +wish. An initial xorg.conf may be generated by running: X -configure +For many modern drivers (such as those using Kernel Mode Setting), +X -configure no longer generates a working xorg.conf. For those drivers +you could start by copying /etc/X11/xorg.conf-vesa to /etc/X11/xorg.conf +and then edit this line: + Driver "vesa" +Change "vesa" to the name of the X driver for your chipset. + + liloconfig: If you are using the LILO boot loader to start your +system you can use liloconfig to setup and install Lilo to the boot +drive. There's a simple installation which tries to automatically set +up LILO to boot Linux (also Windows if found). For more advanced +users, the expert option offers more control over the installation +process. If you have a lot of partitions, the selection menu in +'expert' mode may overflow. You'll likely then want to go to another +console and find the partition you want with 'fdisk -l | less', and +then go back and enter it (proving that you are, indeed, an expert). + + +Other configuration files: + + The majority of system configuration files can be found in and below +the /etc directory. Most system configuration is done by editing these +files with a text editor such as 'vi', "nano", or 'joe'. If you're not +sure which files you need to edit to configure a given package, use +'less' or 'pkgtool' to see what files are installed by the package +paying special attention to any files placed in /etc or that end with +the suffix .new (these are usually moved into place if there's not +already a configuration file with the same name). After upgrading a +package, if a .new config file is put in place you'll have to decide +whether to delete the .new, move it over the existing config file +(losing any custom configuration information in the old file), or make +a backup copy of your old config file, move the .new one into place, +and merge any required changes into the new config file with a text +editor. + + +Hardware, network, and kernel issues: + + If you've got hardware such as a CD-ROM drive or Ethernet card that +doesn't seem to work with Linux, it's possible that the kernel you're +using doesn't contain the needed support. In that case, you can do one +of two things: + + 1. Load the support with kernel modules. This is probably the + simplest way to handle the situation. Just edit + /etc/rc.d/rc.modules so that it loads the modules you need. + 2. Recompile your kernel, including the needed driver(s). + + However, recompiling your kernel is an extreme measure that can be +both difficult and dangerous to the stability of your system. If you +decide to go that route, either be sure you know the potential pitfalls +or seek guidance from someone experienced with kernel configuration, +compilation, and installation. + + Also note that the vast majority of modules will load themselves +with udev if the hardware is present in the system, unless the modules +are not udev-capable yet, or they are blacklisted in a file in +/etc/modprobe.d/ (local config files) or /lib/modprobe.d/ (config files +that ship with the system). If the module for the driver you need is +blacklisted, copy the appropriate file from /lib/modprobe.d/ to +/etc/modprobe.d/ and then comment out the line that blacklists the module +by putting # at the beginning. Files found in /etc/modprobe.d/ will +override those found in /lib/modprobe.d/ and will not be overwritten by +upgrades. If that doesn't fix the issue, check with "lsmod" to make sure +that the module is loading correctly. If not, try loading it in the +/etc/rc.d/rc.modules file. + + If you're on a standalone LAN without a nameserver, make sure you +don't have a nameserver line in /etc/resolv.conf, or you may experience +delays with many network commands as they attempt to query the bogus +nameserver. Most people these days will have a nameserver, or be able +to access one via their router/gateway. Most DHCP servers will tell +dhcpcd what it needs to know in order to set up your /etc/resolv.conf +automatically. + + Want to run NFS? You'll need to install the rpcbind and nfs-utils +packages. Then, edit your /etc/exports to allow NFS access. (see 'man +exports' for examples). Finally, set rc.rpc and rc.nfsd executable: + chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.rpc + chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.nfsd +To start the NFS server, either reboot or execute the two rc files. + + The kernel is now set up with the CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUNS option +to scan for new "SCSI" devices automatically. However, if that fails +to work after inserting a digital media card, or plugging in a new USB +or IEEE1394 (Firewire) device, you may need to run the following +command before it becomes available as a mountable device: + + rescan-scsi-bus -l + + This command scans the LUNs (or Logical Unit Numbers) of all the +SCSI devices attached to the system, including USB and other devices +that look like SCSI to the kernel. + + If you are running D-Bus, udisks2, and a graphical desktop such as KDE +or Xfce, newly inserted devices should become automatically available +to users who are members of the appropriate groups (cdrom, plugdev, +and so forth) in the /etc/group file. + +Printing on Slackware with CUPS (the Common UNIX Printing System): + + Slackware prints using gs (ghostscript), CUPS (the Common UNIX +Printing System), and printer drivers from gutenprint or hplip. +These drivers are further supported by the foomatic-filters and +cupsddk packages, used to generate and manage PPDs (PostScript +Printer Description files). + + To set up CUPS, make sure that /etc/rc.d/rc.cups is executable so +that CUPS will start at boot: + + chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.cups + + To start CUPS without a reboot, run the file like this: + + sh /etc/rc.d/rc.cups start + + Then connect to the CUPS configuration port using a web browser + at this URL: + + http://localhost:631/admin + + This local "website" may also be reached using the CUPS configuration +menu choice within a desktop environment such as KDE. + + See the extensive docs in /usr/doc/cups for more details. If you +don't see your exact printer model when adding a new printer, often +one that's "close" will do the trick. + +Users who plan to print (or scan) need to be members of the "lp" group. + + +Mouse support: + + Only very ancient mice will need any special treatment in order to +get basic support, and with GPM cut and paste on the console. Most +will work with the "ps2" or "imps2" protocols. If you should happen to +have one of the ancient mice that is not a serial, PS/2, or USB mouse +then you'll probably have to load a kernel module in order to get it to +work. At this point in time, a busmouse is rare. These days, most +mice are PS/2 (with a 6 pin round plug) or USB, or occasionally serial +(with a 9 pin trapezoidal plug). These kinds of mice don't require any +special setup as the system should detect and activate them +automatically. If you think your mouse might need a special driver (if +it's not working), read the comments in /etc/rc.d/rc.modules to see +which one is needed, and edit the file to load it at boot time. It's +also possible that the /dev/mouse link may need to be changed to point +to the proper mouse device. Or, compile a new kernel with built in +support for your mouse and install that. + + Using the lsmod command, you can see if the psmouse module is loaded. +If so, you're using the psmouse module for a PS/2-like mouse (including +most touchpads). If you need to adjust the mouse protocol, make a copy +of the config file, and then edit that: + + cp /lib/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf + vi /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf + +Sometimes this is needed to make the mouse work correctly with a KVM +switch, or to properly enable tap-to-click with a touchpad. + + +Network support: + + Of course, you're going to want to get your machine online. If you +have a router supporting DHCP you're probably already on by now. +Otherwise, 'netconfig' will give you a simple network connection. To +get your machine on the net, you'll need to install packages from the +N (network) series. If you aren't sure which ones you'll need, the +easiest thing is to just install them all. Network services will not +run unless activated by making the startup scripts in /etc/rc.d/ +executable, so it doesn't hurt to have them installed. Your machine +should be configured at least with loopback using the "netconfig" +utility. If you are using a modem, make sure the serial port your +modem uses is correctly configured, and then use 'pppsetup' to configure +the dialup process. Additional documentation on pppsetup can be found +in /usr/doc/pppsetup-*/. DSL/Cable users who need to use PPPoE (PPP +over Ethernet) should see the docs in /usr/doc/rp-pppoe-3.12/. + +If you will be using wireless (or even a wired interface), you might +want to let NetworkManager handle your network connections. This is +a choice during the initial installation, but may also be selected +later by rerunning netconfig, or by setting the startup script +to executable (chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager). When Network +Manager is used to handle connections, a nice interface is provided +to scan for wireless access points and make changes to the network +configuration. This interface runs automatically with KDE or Xfce. +In fluxbox, the nm-applet program will need to be launched. Other +window managers lack a system tray to display nm-applet, so for those +you might want to look at wicd in /extra, which also provides a nice +GUI tool for connecting to wireless (or wired) networks. For window +managers that do not provide a tray for running programs, start +"wicd-client" to make changes. With NetworkManager or wicd, it's +a good idea to remove any existing network configuration in +/etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf first. This can be done by running netconfig +and setting the machine to use loopback. Then, if you're using +NetworkManager run it a second time and select NetworkManager. + +If you need to set up your Linux machine as a router for other systems, +you'll want to set up the interfaces in /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf, and +set up NAT support with something like this in /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall, +and then make rc.firewall executable. + +# Delete and flush. Default table is "filter". +# Others like "nat" must be explicitly stated. +iptables --flush +# Flush all the rules in filter and nat tables +iptables --table nat --flush +# Delete all chains that are not in default filter and nat table +iptables --delete-chain +iptables --table nat --delete-chain +# Set up IP FORWARDing and Masquerading +iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface eth0 -j MASQUERADE +iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface eth1 -j ACCEPT +echo "Enabling ip_forwarding..." +echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward + +It's possible to expand (or reduce ;-) this script for just about any +firewall needed. See "man iptables" for lots of information. + + +F: FAQ series, and the HOWTO documentation collection: + + If you installed the F series, you find detailed documentation on +many common Linux tasks in /usr/doc/Linux-HOWTOs. Each of these +instructional files covers a particular Linux task. They cover most +system administration tasks in a lot more detail than this little email +does. + +There is also a collection of Linux related FAQs (lists of Frequently +Asked Questions with answers) /usr/doc/Linux-FAQs. + +Please see the CHANGES_AND_HINTS, RELEASE_NOTES and other files +included with the distribution for any last-minute changes. + + +Have fun! + +--- +Patrick Volkerding +volkerdi@slackware.com + |