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diff --git a/slackbook/html/filesystem-structure-mounting.html b/slackbook/html/filesystem-structure-mounting.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e09694e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/slackbook/html/filesystem-structure-mounting.html @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> +<title>Mounting Devices</title> +<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /> +<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" /> +<link rel="UP" title="Filesystem Structure" href="filesystem-structure.html" /> +<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Links" href="filesystem-structure-links.html" /> +<link rel="NEXT" title="NFS Mounts" href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html" /> +<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> +</head> +<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" +alink="#0000FF"> +<div class="NAVHEADER"> +<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="filesystem-structure-links.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 9 Filesystem Structure</td> +<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +</div> + +<div class="SECT1"> +<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-MOUNTING" +name="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-MOUNTING">9.4 Mounting Devices</a></h1> + +<p>As was previously discussed in <a +href="system-configuration.html#SYSTEM-CONFIGURATION-LAYOUT">Section 4.1.1</a>, all the +drives and devices in your computer are one big filesystem. Various hard drive +partitions, CD-ROMs, and floppies are all placed in the same tree. In order to attach +these drives to the filesystem so that you can access them, you have to use the <tt +class="COMMAND">mount</tt>(1) and <tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt>(1) commands.</p> + +<p>Some devices are automatically mounted when you boot up your computer. These are +listed in the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file. Anything that you want to be +mounted automatically gets an entry in that file. For other devices, you'll have to issue +a command every time you want to use the device.</p> + +<div class="SECT2"> +<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3319" name="AEN3319">9.4.1 <tt +class="FILENAME">fstab</tt></a></h2> + +<p>Let's look at an example of the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat /etc/fstab</kbd> +/dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1 +/dev/sda2 /usr/local ext2 defaults 1 1 +/dev/sda4 /home ext2 defaults 1 1 +/dev/sdb1 swap swap defaults 0 0 +/dev/sdb3 /export ext2 defaults 1 1 +none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 +none /proc proc defaults 0 0 +/dev/fd0 /mnt ext2 defaults 0 0 +/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 ro 0 0 +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The first column is the device name. In this case, the devices are five partitions +spread out across two SCSI hard drives, two special filesystems that don't need a device, +a floppy, and a CD-ROM drive. The second column is where the device will be mounted. This +needs to be a directory name, except in the case of a swap partition. The third column is +the filesystem type of the device. For normal Linux filesystems, this will be <var +class="LITERAL">ext2</var> (second extended filesystem). CD-ROM drives are <var +class="LITERAL">iso9660</var>, and Windows-based devices will either be <var +class="LITERAL">msdos</var> or <var class="LITERAL">vfat</var>.</p> + +<p>The fourth column is a listing of options that apply to the mounted filesystem. +defaults is fine for just about everything. However, read-only devices should be given +the <var class="LITERAL">ro</var> flag. There are a lot of options that can be used. +Check the <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>(5) man page for more information. The last two +columns are used by <tt class="COMMAND">fsck</tt> and other commands that need to +manipulate the devices. Check the man page for that information as well.</p> + +<p>When you install Slackware Linux, the setup program will build much of the <tt +class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> file.</p> +</div> + +<div class="SECT2"> +<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3340" name="AEN3340">9.4.2 <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt> and +<tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt></a></h2> + +<p>Attaching another device to your filesystem is easy. All you have to do is use the <tt +class="COMMAND">mount</tt> command, along with a few options. Using <tt +class="COMMAND">mount</tt> can simplified if the device has an entry in the <tt +class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file. For example, let's say that I wanted to mount my +CD-ROM drive and that my <tt class="COMMAND">fstab</tt> file looked like the example from +the previous section. I would call <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt> like so:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount /cdrom</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Since there is an entry in <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> for that mount point, <tt +class="COMMAND">mount</tt> knows what options to use. If there wasn't an entry for that +device, I would have to use several options for <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt>:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd +class="USERINPUT">mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /cdrom</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>That command line includes the same information as the example <tt +class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> did, but we'll go over all the parts anyways. The <var +class="OPTION">-t iso9660</var> is the filesystem type of the device to mount. In this +case, it would be the iso9660 filesystem which is what CD-ROM drives most commonly use. +The <var class="OPTION">-o ro</var> tells mount to mount the device read-only. The <tt +class="FILENAME">/dev/cdrom</tt> is the name of the device to mount, and <tt +class="FILENAME">/cdrom</tt> is the location on the filesystem to mount the drive.</p> + +<p>Before you can remove a floppy, CD-ROM, or other removable device that is currently +mounted, you'll have to unmount it. That is done using the <tt +class="COMMAND">umount</tt> command. Don't ask where the “n” went because we +couldn't tell you. You can use either the mounted device or the mount point as the +argument to <tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt>. For example, if you wanted to unmount the +CD-ROM from the previous example, either of these commands would work:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /dev/cdrom</kbd> +<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /cdrom</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +</div> + +<div class="NAVFOOTER"> +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure-links.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" +accesskey="H">Home</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Links</td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure.html" +accesskey="U">Up</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">NFS Mounts</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +</body> +</html> + |